| Enhancing Strength Properties of Hydroxyapatite
Composites with Bentonite Clay
|
Perabathula Satish,a
Komalakrushna Hadagalli,b
Mahin Saif Nowl,b
Rahul Siddeswara,c
Shankramma Kalikeric
and Saumen Mandalb,*
Pages : 107-116
DOI: 10.1080/0371750X.2025.2478425 |
| Abstract |
| The main inorganic component of human hard tissues is hydroxyapatite (HA,
Ca10(PO4
)6
(OH)2
) and the mechanical and biological performance of HA can be improved
by incorporating clay minerals to create HA-clay composite scaffolds. This study
demonstrates a high-strength biocomposite of HA and bentonite with a significant
reduction of open porosity, considering bentonite clay for its biocompatibility. Prawn
shells (Fenneropenaeus indicus - marine resource) were utilized as a sustainable
source of calcium to synthesize high-purity HA through a wet-chemical process,
offering an innovative approach to valorize bio-waste. HA-bentonite clay composites
were made by compacting 10-40 wt% of bentonite clay with HA using uniaxial pressing,
followed by sintering at 1100oC for 2 h. Characterization techniques like X-ray
diffraction, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission
scanning electron microscopy verified the phases, structures, vibrational bonds and
morphology of the synthesized materials. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis were performed for elemental
composition and heavy metal detection, respectively. The HA-bentonite (30 wt%)
composite achieved an exceptional compressive strength of 155 MPa and an open
porosity of 7%, surpassing bare HA. Adding 30% bentonite increased compressive
strength six fold and decreased open porosity by 51% compared to bare HA. This
novel approach to HA-bentonite scaffolds promises enhanced wear resistance and
cellular proliferation in bone tissue engineering.
[Keywords: Bentonite, Clay, Compression, Hydroxyapatite, Sintering, Strength] |
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